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Bổ sung canxi cho phụ nữ mang thai

Cập nhật lúc: 3:47:03 CH - 28/07/2014

Trong thời kỳ mang thai, các nhu cầu về năng lượng, chất đạm, chất béo, các vitamin và khoáng chất đều tăng lên để đáp ứng sự phát triển của cả mẹ và con. Trong đó canxi là một trong những khoáng chất rất quan trọng cho sự phát triển của xương và răng em bé, giúp thai nhi phát triển mạnh khỏe đồng thời làm giảm các nguy cơ cho thai phụ…

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Phụ nữ mang thai nên bổ sung thực phẩm chứa nhiều canxi. Ảnh: MH

 

Nhu cầu can xi ở phụ nữ có thai

Theo khuyến cáo của Viện Dinh dưỡng, nhu cầu canxi khuyến nghị đối với phụ nữ mang thai (trong suốt thai kỳ) là 1.200mg/ngày, cao hơn 30% so với nhu cầu bình thường của người phụ nữ. Trong thời kỳ này, canxi có vai trò rất quan trọng để đáp ứng quá trình hình thành răng và xương thai nhi. Nếu việc cung cấp canxi trong thai kỳ không đầy đủ, thai nhi có thể bị còi xương, kém phát triển, biến dạng cấu tạo xương và các mầm răng ngay từ trong giai đoạn bào thai, gây nên những khiếm khuyết về xương và răng có thể kéo dài đến tuổi trưởng thành. Trẻ sinh ra đã có dấu hiệu thiếu canxi như mềm hộp sọ, thóp trước và thóp sau rộng, trẻ có các cơn khóc tím tái do co thắt, thậm chí bị co giật do hạ canxi huyết. Đối với mẹ sẽ dẫn đến các triệu chứng chuột rút, đau mỏi cơ nhất là 3 tháng cuối, và dẫn đến tình trạng loãng xương, hư răng ở mẹ sau sinh (vì sẽ phải huy động canxi từ cơ thể mẹ)…

Bổ sung như thế nào?

Việc bổ sung canxi trong thời kỳ mang thai được thực hiện qua nhiều phương thức khác nhau như qua thực phẩm và bổ sung bằng thuốc.

Trước hết, bổ sung qua thực phẩm, thai phụ nên ăn nhiều thức ăn giàu canxi như tôm, cua, cá, rau cần, súp lơ xanh... Nhu cầu canxi của phụ nữ có thai khó có thể đạt được nếu không uống sữa giàu canxi và các sản phẩm chế biến từ sữa như sữa chua, phomat... Một ngày chỉ cần 2 ly sữa hoặc 100 - 200g cá, tép nhỏ ăn cả vỏ cả xương hoặc cá chiên xù, cá lớn kho rục xương… là đủ cung ứng nhu cầu canxi cho thai phụ.

Chỉ bổ sung bằng thuốc khi nguồn thức ăn không cung cấp đủ. Việc bổ sung bằng thuốc cần theo chỉ định của bác sĩ, để tránh dùng thừa. Vì thừa canxi cũng sẽ nguy hiểm (thừa canxi, thai nhi có thể bị tăng canxi trong máu, khi ra đời, thóp bị kín quá sớm, xương hàm có thể bị biến dạng, rộng và nhô ra trước, không có lợi cho sức khỏe và ảnh hưởng đến thẩm mỹ).

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